Glucosamine is a synthetic substance in the human body. It is an important nutrient to form chondrocytes and a natural tissue component of healthy articular cartilage. With the growth of age, the lack of glucosamine in the human body is more and more serious, and the articular cartilage is constantly degraded and worn. A large number of medical studies have shown that glucosamine can help repair and maintain cartilage and stimulate the growth of chondrocytes.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) being a natural glycosaminoglycan is found in the cartilage and extracellular matrix. It shows clinical benefits in symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) of the finger, knee, hip joints, low back, facial joints and other diseases due to its anti-inflammatory activity. CS is the lubricant of cartilage, which helps to maintain the water retention, adhesiveness and lubricity of cartilage. It is approved in the USA as a dietary supplement for OA, while it is used as a symptomatic slow-acting drug (SYSADOA) in Europe and some other countries.

Calcium can enhance the bone density of hard bone in human body.

The European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO) treatment algorithm recommends chronic symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis including glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate as first-line therapy for knee osteoarthritis.